Bisa kididdigar da aka yi, Hukumar Makamashi ta kasa da kasa (IEA) a baya ta fitar da "Rahoto na musamman kan sarkar samar da wutar lantarki ta duniya", wanda ya nuna cewa tun daga shekarar 2011, kasar Sin ta zuba jari fiye da dalar Amurka biliyan 50 don fadada karfin samar da na'urorin daukar hoto, wanda ya ninka sau 10. na Turai.Kasar Sin ta samar da ayyukan yi sama da 300,000 na masana'antu;Masana'antar masana'antar hoto ta kasar Sin ta mamaye aƙalla 80% na ƙarfin samarwa na duniya a cikin duk hanyoyin haɗin gwiwar samar da hasken rana, daga kayan silicon, ingots na silicon, wafers zuwa sel da kayayyaki, daga cikinsu mafi ƙasƙanci shine kayan silicon (79.4%), kuma Mafi girma shine silicon ingot (96.8%).Hukumar ta IEA ta kuma yi hasashen cewa nan da shekarar 2025, karfin samar da kayayyaki na kasar Sin a wasu hanyoyin sadarwa zai kai kashi 95% ko fiye.

Ba abin mamaki ba ne hukumar ta IEA za ta yi amfani da "mafi rinjaye" wajen bayyana matsayin masana'antar daukar hoto ta kasar Sin, har ma da da'awar cewa tana haifar da wata barazana ga sarkar samar da wutar lantarki ta duniya."...matakin maida hankali kan yanayin kasa a cikin sarkar samar da kayayyaki a duniya kuma yana haifar da kalubale masu yuwuwa wanda hakan zai haifar da kalubale. kamata ya yi gwamnatoci su magance.” Idan aka yi la’akari da shi da kyau, ya fi ban sha’awa cewa wani sharhi a jaridar “New York Times” ya dauki masana’antar daukar hoto ta kasar Sin a matsayin babbar barazana.Ƙarshen "ka'idar barazanar" na iya kasancewa har yanzu 5G.

Sai dai ba na'urorin hasken rana ba ne kawai hanyar haɗin kai a cikin sarkar darajar PV da kamfanonin kasar Sin suka mamaye.Wannan labarin yana mai da hankali kan wani ɗan ƙaramin sani, amma daidai da na'ura mai mahimmanci a cikin tsarin samar da wutar lantarki na photovoltaic — inverter na hoto.

Inverter, zuciya da kwakwalwa na photovoltaics

Mai jujjuyawar hoto zai iya canza halin yanzu kai tsaye da tsarin ƙirar hasken rana ya haifar zuwa madaidaicin halin yanzu tare da mitar daidaitacce kuma ana iya amfani dashi don samarwa da rayuwa.Har ila yau, mai juyawa yana da alhakin haɓaka ƙarfin samar da wutar lantarki na bangarori na photovoltaic da kuma samar da kariya ta kuskuren tsarin, ciki har da amma ba'a iyakance ga aiki ta atomatik da ayyuka na kashewa ba, matsakaicin aikin sarrafa ikon sarrafa wutar lantarki, jerin ayyuka da ake buƙata ta hanyar haɗin gwiwar grid, da dai sauransu. .

A wasu kalmomi, ana iya taƙaita ainihin aikin inverter na photovoltaic a matsayin bin diddigin iyakar ƙarfin fitarwa na ƙirar ƙirar hoto, da kuma ciyar da makamashinsa a cikin grid tare da asarar mafi ƙarancin juyawa da mafi kyawun ƙarfin wuta.Idan ba tare da "zuciya da kwakwalwa" na wannan tsarin photovoltaic ba, wutar lantarki da aka samar da hasken rana na yanzu ba zai kasance ga mutane ba.

Daga ra'ayi na matsayi na sarkar masana'antu, mai inverter yana cikin ƙasa na masana'antar photovoltaic, kuma yana shiga cikin hanyar haɗin gwiwar gina tsarin samar da wutar lantarki (komai nau'i).

Daga ra'ayi na farashi, rabon inverters na photovoltaic a cikin farashi ba shi da yawa.Gabaɗaya, rabon tsarin photovoltaic da aka rarraba ya fi na manyan ma'aunin wutar lantarki na ƙasa.

Masu juyawa na hoto na yanzu suna da hanyoyi daban-daban na rarrabawa, waɗanda aka fi sani da sauƙin fahimta, kuma an bambanta su ta nau'in samfurin.Akwai galibi nau'ikan guda huɗu: tsakiya, kirtani, rarrabawa da ƙananan inverters.Daga cikin su, micro-inverter ya bambanta da sauran na'urori guda uku, kuma ana iya amfani dashi kawai a cikin ƙananan tsarin samar da wutar lantarki, irin su hotuna na gida, kuma bai dace da manyan tsarin ba.

Daga hangen nesa na kasuwar kasuwa, masu juyawa na kirtani sun ɗauki cikakken matsayi mai ƙarfi, masu karkatar da keɓaɓɓun inverter suna matsayi na biyu tare da babban gibi, da sauran nau'ikan ƙididdiga kaɗan.Dangane da bayanan da CPIA ta bayar, masu inverters na kirtani suna lissafin 69.6%, masu inverters na tsakiya suna lissafin 27.7%, inverters da aka rarraba suna da rabon kasuwa na kusan 2.7%, kuma micro inverters ba a bayyane.kididdiga.

Dalilin da yasa mafi yawan samfuran inverter na yau da kullun na nau'in kirtani shine: kewayon ƙarfin aiki yana da faɗi kuma ƙarfin samar da wutar lantarki yana da ƙarfi a cikin ƙaramin haske;injin inverter guda ɗaya yana sarrafa ƴan abubuwan haɗin batir, gabaɗaya kawai dozin, wanda ya fi ƙanƙanta fiye da inverter ɗin tsakiya Adadin dubban janareta, tasirin gazawar da ba zato ba tsammani akan ingantaccen ƙarfin samar da wutar lantarki gabaɗaya;Ayyukan aiki da farashin kulawa ba su da ƙasa, gano kuskuren yana da sauƙin sauƙi, kuma lokacin da kuskure ya faru, lokacin gyara matsala yana da ɗan gajeren lokaci, kuma gazawar da kulawa yana haifar da ƙarancin hasara.

Duk da haka, yana bukatar a jaddada cewa ban da manyan shuke-shuken wutar lantarki, masana'antar photovoltaic kuma tana da ƙayyadaddun yanayin aikace-aikacen da yawa, kuma akwai nau'o'in nau'o'in hotuna da aka rarraba, irin su hotuna na gida, ma'aikata na rufin hoto, babban ginin gine-gine na photovoltaic. bangon labule, da sauransu.Don irin waɗannan wuraren samar da wutar lantarki na hotovoltaic, jihar kuma tana da tsare-tsare masu dacewa.Misali, a cikin shirin aiwatar da kololuwar Carbon a gine-ginen Birane da Karkara da ma’aikatar gidaje da raya birane da raya karkara da hukumar raya kasa da sake fasalin kasa suka fitar a watan Yuli, an ambaci cewa nan da shekarar 2025, sabbin gine-ginen cibiyoyin gwamnati, rufin rufin. Yawan ɗaukar hoto na sabon ginin masana'anta zai kai 50%.Yanayin aikace-aikacen daban-daban suna da bukatu daban-daban don masu juyawa na photovoltaic, kuma tare da saurin ci gaban masana'antar hoto, ba za a iya watsi da tasirin fasahar fasaha a kan masana'antar ba, yana sa tsarin kasuwa na masu inverters na photovoltaic ba shi da tabbas.

Dangane da girman kasuwa, ya kamata a bayyana cewa saboda ba a jera manyan kamfanoni fiye da ɗaya a cikin masana'antar inverter ba, rashin cikar bayanin ya haifar da wasu matsaloli na ƙididdiga, wanda ya haifar da wasu bambance-bambance a cikin bayanan da cibiyoyi daban-daban suka bayar saboda tasiri na caliber.

Daga mahangar girman kasuwa, bisa ga kididdigar jigilar kayayyaki: IHS Markit's PV inverter jigilar kaya a cikin 2021 kusan 218GW ne, haɓakar shekara-shekara na kusan 27%;Bayanan Wood Mackenzie sun fi 225GW, karuwa a kowace shekara na 22%.

Dalilin da yasa masana'antar inverter na zamani ke da gasa mai yawa shine galibi saboda fa'idar fa'idar farashin da ingantaccen ikon sarrafa farashi na kasuwancin cikin gida ya kawo.A wannan mataki, kusan kowane nau'in inverter a kasar Sin yana da fa'idar tsadar gaske, kuma farashin kowace watt kusan kashi 50% ne ko ma kashi 20% na farashin kasashen waje.

Rage farashi da haɓaka ingantaccen aiki shine jagorar ingantawa

A wannan mataki, inverters na gida na photovoltaic sun kafa wani fa'ida mai fa'ida, amma ba shakka wannan ba yana nufin cewa babu yiwuwar ƙarin haɓakawa a cikin masana'antar.Babban hanyoyin rage farashin farashi don masu inverters na hoto na gaba za su mai da hankali kan abubuwa guda uku: ƙaddamar da mahimman abubuwan haɗin gwiwa, haɓaka ƙarfin ƙarfi da haɓakar fasaha.

Dangane da tsarin farashi, kayan aikin kai tsaye na masu inverters na photovoltaic suna da adadi mai yawa, wanda ya wuce 80%, wanda za'a iya kasu kusan zuwa sassa huɗu: ikon semiconductor (yafi IGBTs), sassa na inji (sassan filastik, simintin gyare-gyare, radiators. Sassan ƙarfe na takarda, da dai sauransu), kayan taimako (kayan insulating, kayan marufi, da sauransu), da sauran abubuwan lantarki (capaccitors, inductor, hadedde circuits, da sauransu).Babban farashin kayan da aka yi amfani da su a cikin inverters na photovoltaic yana da tasiri sosai ta hanyar albarkatun ƙasa na sama, wahalar samarwa ba ta da girma, gasar kasuwa ta riga ta isa, ƙarin rage farashin yana da wahala, kuma sararin ciniki yana da iyakancewa, wanda ba zai iya samar da yawa ba. taimako don ƙarin rage farashin inverters.

Amma na'urorin semiconductor sun bambanta.Semiconductors na wutar lantarki suna lissafin 10% zuwa 20% na farashin inverter.Su ne ainihin abubuwan da aka gyara don gane aikin inverter na DC-AC na inverter, kuma kai tsaye ƙayyade ƙimar juyi na kayan aiki.Koyaya, saboda manyan shingen masana'antu na IGBTs, matakin ƙaddamarwa a wannan matakin bai yi girma ba.

Wannan yana sa na'urori masu sarrafa wutar lantarki su sami ƙarfin farashi fiye da sauran na'urori.Har ila yau, ƙarancin semiconductor na duniya da hauhawar farashin tun daga 2021 wanda ya haifar da matsin lamba a bayyane kan ribar inverter, kuma babban ribar samfuran ya ragu.Tare da saurin haɓakar semiconductor na cikin gida, ana tsammanin masana'antar inverter za ta fahimci maye gurbin IGBTs a nan gaba kuma a cimma raguwar farashin gabaɗaya.

Haɓaka yawan ƙarfin wutar lantarki yana nufin haɓaka samfura masu ƙarfi a ƙarƙashin nauyi ɗaya, ko samfuran masu sauƙi a ƙarƙashin ikon iri ɗaya, ta haka ne ke lalata ƙayyadaddun farashi na sassa na tsarin / kayan taimako da samun sakamako na rage farashin dangi.Daga mahangar siginar samfuri, inverters daban-daban na yanzu suna haɓaka ƙimar ƙima da ƙarfin ƙarfi koyaushe.

Ƙaddamar da fasaha yana da sauƙi.Masana'antar inverter na iya samun ikon sarrafa farashi da kuma kara buɗe ribar riba ta hanyar haɓaka ƙirar samfura, rage kayan aiki, haɓaka hanyoyin samarwa, da canzawa zuwa na'urori masu inganci.

Duniya ta gaba, ajiyar makamashi?

Baya ga photovoltaics, wani shugabanci na kasuwa na masana'antar inverter na yanzu shine daidaitaccen ajiyar makamashi mai zafi.

Ƙarfin wutar lantarki na Photovoltaic, musamman tsarin tsarin photovoltaic da aka rarraba, yana da tsaka-tsakin yanayi da rashin daidaituwa.Haɗawa zuwa tsarin ajiyar makamashi don cimma ci gaba da samar da wutar lantarki shine mafita da aka sani sosai.

Domin biyan buƙatun sabon tsarin wutar lantarki, Tsarin Canjin Wuta (PCS; wani lokacin ana kiransa inverter na ajiyar makamashi don sauƙin fahimta) ya kasance.PCS tsarin lantarki ne wanda ke haɗa tsarin baturi da grid ɗin wuta don gane jujjuyawar makamashin lantarki biyu.Ba wai kawai zai iya canza canjin halin yanzu zuwa kai tsaye ba don cajin baturi yayin ɗaukar nauyi, amma kuma yana juyar da halin yanzu kai tsaye a cikin baturin ajiya zuwa madaidaicin halin yanzu yayin lokacin ɗaukar nauyi kuma haɗa zuwa grid..

Koyaya, saboda ƙarin hadaddun ayyuka, grid ɗin wutar lantarki yana da buƙatun aiki mafi girma don masu jujjuyawar ajiyar makamashi, wanda ke haifar da ƙaruwa mai yawa a cikin adadin abubuwan da aka yi amfani da su, wanda zai iya kusan ninki biyu na na yau da kullun na inverters photovoltaic.A lokaci guda, hadaddun ayyuka kuma suna kawo shingen fasaha mafi girma.

Hakazalika, kodayake ma'auni na gabaɗaya ba shi da girma sosai, injin inverter na ajiyar makamashi ya riga ya nuna kyakkyawan riba, kuma babban riba mai riba yana da fa'ida mai yawa akan na'urar inverter na photovoltaic.

Idan aka yi la'akari da halin da masana'antu ke ciki, kasuwar ajiyar makamashi ta ketare ta fara tun da wuri, kuma bukatar ta fi ta Sin karfi.Kamfanonin cikin gida har yanzu ba su kafa rinjayen kasuwa kwatankwacin na kayan aikin baturi da inverters a cikin masana'antar ba.Duk da haka, ma'auni na kasuwa na masu amfani da wutar lantarki a wannan mataki ba shi da girma, kuma akwai babban rata tare da inverters na photovoltaic.Babu wani bambanci a fili a fagen gasa tsakanin kamfanonin cikin gida da na waje, wanda galibi sakamakon zabin kasuwanci ne.

Ga kamfanoni, ko da yake akwai wasu shinge na fasaha, fasahar na'urorin adana makamashi da inverters na photovoltaic suna da asali iri ɗaya, kuma ba shi da wahala ga kamfanoni su canza.Kuma a cikin kasuwannin cikin gida, wanda masana'antu da manufofi ke tafiyar da su, masana'antar ajiyar makamashi ta shiga wani lokaci na ci gaba cikin sauri, tare da ci gaban kasuwa mai yawa da kuma tabbatar da masana'antu mai karfi, wanda ke da kyakkyawar alkiblar ci gaban kasuwanci ga kamfanonin inverter.

A gaskiya ma, kamfanoni da yawa sun amfana daga kyakkyawan tsammanin masana'antar ajiyar makamashi.Yin la'akari da aikin a cikin 2021, layukan kasuwanci na ajiyar makamashi na kamfanoni da yawa sun nuna haɓaka mai ƙarfi.Ko da yake wannan ci gaban yana da ƙayyadaddun dangantaka tare da ƙananan tushe, ya isa ya tabbatar da cewa ci gaba da samar da kayan aiki masu alaka da makamashi yana da tabbaci mai karfi, kuma babu shakka yana da kyakkyawar ma'ana ta kasuwanci da ci gaba.

Hanyar rage farashin nan gaba na masu inverters ajiyar makamashi shima yana da haske sosai, wanda ba shi da bambanci sosai da inverters na hotovoltaic.Yana mai da hankali kan rage farashin abubuwan da aka gyara, musamman madaidaicin wurin maye gurbin na'urorin lantarki.Tun da adadin abubuwan da aka yi amfani da su ya fi girma, ana samarwa a cikin gida Tasirin rage farashin da canji ya kawo na iya ƙara girma.

Idan kamfanonin inverter suka hanzarta haɓaka samfuran masu canza makamashi, suna dogaro da saurin bunƙasa masana'antar ajiyar makamashi da kafa fa'idodin fa'ida na inverters masu haɗin grid, muna da kowane dalili na yarda cewa masana'antar gida tana da kowace dama ta dogara ga Sin. Abubuwan da ake amfani da su na masana'antu, haifuwa na wadata na masana'antu na photovoltaic a cikin sarkar darajar ajiyar makamashi, da nasarar kasuwanci na kasuwancin gida ma sakamakon halitta ne.